A type of policy that provides a specific amount of replacement cost after property destruction is called a(n):

The correct choice pertains to a valued policy, which is designed to pay a pre-determined amount upon the total loss of property, regardless of its actual cash value or replacement cost at the time of the loss. This type of policy differs from others that may base compensation on the current market value or require adjustment following an appraisal of replacement costs.

The key aspect of a valued policy is that it establishes the value of the insured property at the time the insurance is purchased or at a specified time, which simplifies the process of claims settlement. If the property is destroyed, the insured is entitled to receive the agreed-upon amount without further calculation or negotiation regarding value, which can be particularly beneficial in situations where determining actual value can be lengthy and complex.

The other options listed do not accurately describe the nature of the policy in question. For instance, a specific risk policy indicates coverage for identified risks but does not guarantee a fixed replacement cost. Similarly, a pro-forma appraisal policy is not recognized as a standard type of insurance policy within property insurance. An equitable sum policy does not exist in standard insurance terminology, further distinguishing the valued policy as the correct answer for the described scenario.